A root canal is a dental procedure designed to treat a damaged or infected tooth's interior, known as the pulp. This treatment is often necessary when a tooth's pulp becomes inflamed or infected due to deep cavities, trauma, or other dental issues. The procedure involves removing the pulp, cleaning and disinfecting the inside of the tooth, and then filling and sealing it. A root canal typically begins with the administration of local anesthesia to ensure the patient's comfort. Once the tooth is numb, the dentist or endodontist drills a small access hole to reach the pulp chamber and root canals. They then remove the infected or damaged pulp tissue, clean the interior of the tooth, and shape the canals to prepare them for filling. After thorough cleaning, the canals are filled with a biocompatible material, often a rubbery substance called gutta-percha, to seal the space and prevent further infection. The access hole is sealed with a temporary or permanent filling, depending on the tooth's condition. In some cases, a crown is recommended to strengthen and protect the treated tooth, as the loss of pulp can make the tooth more brittle over time.