Root canal treatment, also known as endodontic therapy, is a dental procedure performed to treat and save a tooth that has a severely infected or damaged pulp (the innermost part of the tooth). The pulp contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue, and when it becomes infected or inflamed due to decay, injury, or other factors, it can cause intense pain and potentially lead to an abscess if left untreated. Root canal treatment aims to remove the infected pulp, clean the root canal system, and seal it to prevent further infection. The dentist or endodontist (a specialist in root canal treatment) begins by examining the tooth, reviewing X-rays, and assessing the extent of the infection or damage. Symptoms of a tooth in need of a root canal may include severe pain, sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures, swelling, and gum inflammation. Before starting the procedure, the dentist administers local anesthesia to numb the affected tooth and the surrounding area. This ensures that the patient is comfortable and pain-free during the treatment. A small access opening is created in the crown of the tooth to provide access to the pulp chamber and root canals. Using specialized instruments, the infected or damaged pulp tissue is carefully removed from the pulp chamber and root canals. The canals are cleaned, shaped, and disinfected to remove any remaining bacteria and debris.