A root canal is a dental procedure performed to treat and save a tooth that has a severely infected or damaged pulp, the innermost part of the tooth. When the pulp becomes infected, it can cause intense pain and swelling, and if left untreated, the infection can spread to the surrounding tissues. During a root canal, a dentist or endodontist removes the infected or damaged pulp, cleans and disinfects the interior of the tooth, and then seals it with a filling material to prevent further infection. This procedure is often necessary to relieve pain and preserve the natural tooth, avoiding the need for extraction. While root canals have a reputation for being painful, modern techniques and anesthesia make the procedure relatively comfortable for patients, and it is an essential treatment to maintain oral health and prevent tooth loss. After a root canal, the tooth may require a crown to provide additional strength and protection, ensuring its long-term functionality in the mouth.